Forensic anthropologists emphasize that modern racial categories like 'black' or 'white' did not exist in the ancient Mediterranean. Instead, researchers use skeletal remains, climate data, and historical art to reconstruct a realistic profile. Using a first-century Judean skull, scientists created a model of a man with broad features, dark olive skin, and short, tightly curled hair. This scientific consensus rejects both Eurocentric whitewashing and Afrocentric claims of a Sub-Saharan African heritage.