The third pillar permits international military intervention only as a last resort and with UN Security Council authorization.

When a state manifestly fails to protect its citizens, Pillar Three comes into play. The international community must step in with collective action. This can range from peaceful diplomacy and economic sanctions to military force. However, force is strictly a last resort. It requires explicit authorization from the UN Security Council under Chapter VII. This delicate rule balances the urge to save lives with the need to prevent lawless invasions.