The modern 'Tartarian Empire' conspiracy theory emerged in the 2010s as an internet-driven reinterpretation of old maps and architectural styles.

This theory claims a technologically advanced global empire named Tartaria once existed and was erased from history. It draws on misread cartographic labels, stylistic similarities in 19th-century architecture, and imagined cataclysms like mud floods. However, these claims lack documentary, archaeological, or primary-source support and contradict well-established historiography.