CRISPR gene editing uses a guide RNA to find specific DNA sequences and the Cas9 protein to cut the DNA at that exact spot.

The CRISPR system is made of two key parts: a guide RNA and the Cas9 protein. The guide RNA is designed to match a particular DNA sequence in the genome. When introduced into a cell, this RNA leads Cas9 to the matching spot. Cas9 then acts like molecular scissors, cutting the DNA at this location. This targeted cut allows scientists to change the DNA sequence right where they want it, making CRISPR a precise gene editing tool.