Prejudices can cause evaluators to dismiss reliable testimony, a phenomenon known as testimonial injustice.

We do not evaluate evidence in a vacuum. Sometimes, the evidence is another person's voice. Philosopher Miranda Fricker identified testimonial injustice as a failure to assess evidence fairly due to prejudice. When we harbor unspoken biases, we automatically downgrade the credibility of the speaker. This happens frequently in medicine, where patients' reports of their own symptoms are dismissed. Humility forces us to recognize these biases, opening our minds to vital, overlooked testimony.