Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy determines molecular structure by exploiting the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei exposed to a strong magnetic field and radiofrequency pulses.

NMR spectroscopy probes the environment of nuclei—commonly hydrogen or carbon—by aligning their spins within a magnetic field and then perturbing them with radiofrequency waves. The emitted signals depend on neighboring atoms and chemical bonds, producing detailed spectra that reveal molecular connectivity, dynamics, and stereochemistry. This makes NMR indispensable for complex organic molecules, biomolecules, and material characterization.