The violent collapse of Gaddafi's regime in 2011 plunged Libya into an era of deep fragmentation and security crises.

After Gaddafi was captured and killed in October 2011, the centralized power structure he maintained for over forty years vanished overnight. Without a strong state capacity to enforce security, Libya fractured into warring factions. Arab nationalists, regional militias, and Islamist groups quickly carved up the country. This ongoing political instability has compromised daily life, creating severe security concerns, curfews, and a complete breakdown of national reconciliation efforts.